The United Nations Office at Geneva
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PRESS BRIEFING BY THE UNITED NATIONS INFORMATION SERVICE
Alessandra Vellucci, Director of the United Nations Information Service (UNIS) in Geneva, chaired the virtual briefing, attended by the spokespersons and representatives of the United Nations Refugee Agency and the World Health Organization.
Pakistan issues smartcards to registered Afghan refugees
Babar Baloch, for the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), said that UNHCR welcomed the conclusion of the Government of Pakistan’s country-wide campaign to verify and update the data of some 1.4 million registered Afghan refugees and to issue them with smart identity cards. The data of 1.25 million Afghan refugees had been updated as a result of the campaign, among them 200,000 children under the age of 5. More than 700,000 new smart identity cards had been issued, and the remaining cards would be printed and distributed in early 2022.
The cards, which would be valid until 30 June 2023, contained biometric data and would give Afghan refugees faster and safer access to health and education facilities and financial services. The campaign had also provided an opportunity to flag any specific protection needs and vulnerabilities. More detailed information about the refugees’ socioeconomic situation would allow for better tailored assistance in Pakistan and support in case they decided to return home.
The full briefing note is available here.
Update on the Omicron variant of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
Dr. Abdi Mahamud, Incident Manager, COVID-19 Incident Management Support Team, World Health Organization(WHO), said that as of 29 December 2021, some 128 countries had reported cases of the Omicron variant. In South Africa, which had seen a sharp increase in cases then a relatively rapid drop-off, hospitalization and death rates had remained low. However, that situation should not automatically be extrapolated to other countries. It would be worth looking at the situation in London, where hospitalizations since the onset of the Omicron variant were not much lower than they had been in the same period in 2020 when the population had been largely unvaccinated. While the latest studies all pointed to the fact that the Omicron variant affected the upper respiratory system rather than the lungs, which was good news, high-risk individuals and the unvaccinated could still get gravely ill from that variant. WHO requested the media’s help in tracking progress on achieving worldwide vaccination coverage of 70 per cent.
Replying to questions from journalists, Dr. Mahamud said that the year-end holidays had disrupted data flows, but it was clear that the Omicron variant could overtake other strains in a matter of weeks, especially in areas with a large number of susceptible people, primarily people who were unvaccinated. In Denmark, for example, it had taken two weeks for case numbers to double with the Alpha variant whereas, with the Omicron variant, it had taken two days. The surge was fluid but could conceivably hit Eastern Europe next. The world had never seen such a transmissible virus, so what would have the biggest impact was behaviour. Places such as London and New York, where restrictions on social interactions were in place, could see flatter, longer curves than what had been seen in South Africa.
WHO was very satisfied with how States and scientists were sharing data with it. The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization would be meeting on 19 January to review data, including on the timing of boosters, the mixing of vaccines and the composition of future vaccines. As new variants were more likely to develop in overpopulated areas where people had yet to be vaccinated, it was in the global interest to reach the target of 70 per cent vaccination coverage rather than to give boosters.
Thus far, the Omicron variant had mostly spread to countries that used the best-known vaccines, but there was no indication that other vaccines, such as Sinovac and Sinopharm, were not effective against the variant. That was because T cells were activated regardless of what virus entered the body. He did not have a breakdown of hospitalizations by variant. However, whether a variant supplanted another was a matter of virus fitness. His intuition was that Omicron would replace Delta, but that Delta could resurge owing to portions of the population remaining susceptible. Hence the importance of vaccination. Moreover, even in countries with good vaccination rates, how high coverage was among vulnerable categories would have a bigger impact on the trajectory of the pandemic.
Also answering questions, Dr. Mahamud said that most people cleared the virus within 5 to 7 days of the onset of symptoms, depending on their immune health; however, WHO still recommended 14-day quarantine. States had to make decisions about the duration of quarantine based on their individual situations. It made sense to keep case numbers as low as possible in places where they were low to begin with, but in places with runaway cases, there were competing interests, including keeping the countries running, that might justify shorter quarantines.
It was possible to be infected by both influenza and COVID-19. However, the two were separate viruses that used different receptors in order to attack the body; therefore, there was little risk of them combining into a new virus. WHO had been monitoring the B.1.640 variant since November 2021. Though there had been a slight increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes, they were still within normal range, and further data was needed to determine whether there was a greater risk of miscarriage linked with COVID-19.
Also in response to journalists, Tarik Jašarević, for the World Health Organization (WHO), recalled that the status of all the products submitted for inclusion on the WHO emergency use listing was available online.
Alessandra Vellucci, for the United Nations Information Service (UNIS), recalling the Secretary- General’s new year message, said that all the tests, including unequal distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, were tests that humankind could pass if it committed to making 2022 a year of recovery for everyone and that moments of great difficulty were also moments of great opportunity to come together in solidarity and to unite behind solutions that could benefit all people.
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As world’s water reserves change, countries must prepare for a new reality: WMO
New data showing that rivers were at their lowest level for decades last year provides further evidence that the climate crisis is real and countries must act immediately to protect themselves from the increasing threat to communities and livelihoods, the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Thursday.
The key findings from WMO’s State of Global Water Resources 2025 report covering the hydrological cycle and extreme events in the five-year period to last year:
- 2025 was one of driest years for river discharge in 35 years
- Past seven years have seen abnorfmal river flows
- Water storage on Earth’s land surface has decreased in past decade
- Widespread glacier loss across all regions for fourth consecutive year
- Asia and Africa are regions most affected by water-related disasters
- Water data availability has improved, but gaps remain in hard-hit areas
Highlighting the long-term decline in the Earth’s freshwater storage and glacier melt, WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo explained that the planet’s water reserves used to act as a planetary “savings account” that absorbed the occasional dry season, avoiding a water crisis. “One of the central stories of the 2025 report is what is happening to that savings account? And the simple answer is that we are depleting it,” she told journalists in Geneva.
Groundwater reserves are equally stretched and have been in decline since 2014, WMO’s report states, with nearly two-thirds of monitored wells worldwide showing levels lower than the historical norm and indicating a shift “further toward deficit…not recovery”.
“At the same time, we are seeing more water-related disasters,” Ms. Saulo said, while also stressing that the currently strengthening El Niño “will increase the risk of drought in some areas, and flooding in others”.
Glaciers disappearing
In 2025, for the fourth consecutive year, every major glaciated region on Earth lost ice mass, leading to short-term hazards including floods and long-term water insecurity, according to WMO.
Responding to a question about whether the changing global water cycle might have contributed to the deadly Nepal-China flooding disaster, Ms. Saulo explained that melting ice and rock was just one factor in the chain of events that ultimately sent a massive and deadly wall of water and debris downstream on 26 August, killing at least 1,367 people.
“You asked if it could happen again? Absolutely; the problem in this region is that there’s 63,700 glaciers at the last count,” she told a Press Conference in Geneva. “Even if you’re looking with remote sensing with satellites at these glaciers, you might see some faults, you might see some slight shifting, that does not mean necessarily catastrophic collapse. So, in order to plan for this, it’s very, very difficult. But the international community is looking very hard at ways in which we can bring people together to solve some of these monitoring issues.”
Data indicates that glaciers shrank between 2023 and 2025 with cumulative losses of 1,400 gigatonnes of water – or about one third of annual fresh water needs.
Every major glacier region on Earth lost ice for the fourth consecutive year.
“All 19 glacier regions around the globe lost ice; in Central Asia, Iceland, the Russian Arctic and western Canada and the United States, it was among the three worst years on record,” said Wayne Jenkinson, WMO’s Director of Hydrology and Cryosphere.
Some regions with smaller glaciers such as Central Europe, the Caucasus, the western Canada and the United States may already have reached “peak water”, Mr. Jenkinson warned.
“After this point, the glacier gives less meltwater each year simply because there is less ice left to melt. That matters for every community downstream that relies on water during hot, dry summers,” he explained.
Narelle van der Wel, WMO’s Head of Cryosphere Monitoring, Predictions and Services, stressed that while some further glacier loss is unavoidable, the eventual scale of the decline is not predetermined.
“Some glacier loss is inevitable, but total loss of glaciers is not yet inevitable,” she said, pointing to emissions reductions as central to limiting future losses.
Preparing for moving baselines
The report does not attribute every observed change to climate change alone. WMO says pressure on water resources and natural variability also contribute.
Mr. Jenkinson said governments need to prepare for “moving baselines” as historical patterns become less reliable.
“The situation 30 years ago is not where we are today,” he said. Countries, he added, need to prepare “for those changes that have really already arrived”.
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