The United Nations Office at Geneva
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ILO Press Conference: Impacts of climate on occupational safety and health - 22 April 2024
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Press Conferences , Edited News | ILO
ILO Press Conference: Impacts of climate on occupational safety and health - 22 April 2024
STORY: Impacts of climate change on workers - ILO
TRT: 2:34”
SOURCE: UNTV CH
RESTRICTIONS: NONE
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH / NATS
ASPECT RATIO: 16:9
DATELINE: 22 April 2024 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
- Exterior wide shot: UN flag alley
- Med shot: speakers at the podium during press conference
- SOUNDBITE (English) – Manal Azzi, Senior Specialist on Occupational Safety and Health (ILO): “More than 70 per cent of our workers are exposed to excessive heat, at least excessive heat, at one point in their working lives. That's 2.4 billion workers globally.”
- Med shot: Photographer taking pictures
- SOUNDBITE (English) – Manal Azzi, Senior Specialist on Occupational Safety and Health (ILO): “More than 22 million workers suffering from sicknesses and injuries related to exposure to excessive heat and these can range from injuries in transport, in traffic accidents due to bad night of sleep, because it was excessively hot, to construction accidents, injuries, slips and falls related to the exposure to heat.”
- Wide shot: speakers at the podium with journalists in press room
- SOUNDBITE (English) – Manal Azzi, Senior Specialist on Occupational Safety and Health (ILO): “Nearly 20,000 workers are dying yearly because of these injuries in the workplace related to rising temperatures and to exposure to excessive heat, indoor and outdoor heat, and losing millions - over 2 million disability-adjusted years - are lost because of injuries and deaths related to heat.”
- Med shot: Zoom operators behind window in control room
- SOUNDBITE (English) – Manal Azzi, Senior Specialist on Occupational Safety and Health (ILO): “15,000 people die due to parasitic and vector borne diseases exposed to in the workplace. Obviously, these include a lot of diseases like dengue, rabies and various diseases that are increasing in regions that we never used to see them before. Malaria has even increased and we're seeing it's shown in countries that it never used to be before.”
- Med shot: speakers at the podium with journalists in press room
- SOUNDBITE (English) - Manal Azzi, Senior Specialist on Occupational Safety and Health (ILO): “The key issues we face are not where it's known to be very hot for the longest period where people are very acclimatized. But it's the new regions where heat was never such an issue and has become an issue that we're facing some of the acute injuries that that we're seeing today. So we do have a list of detailed policy examples, collective bargaining examples, but also awareness raising and training programs that deal with all of the hazards I mentioned from vector borne disease control to air pollution to pesticides.”
- Close up: journalist listening
- Med shot, panelists at the podium
- Med shot, journalists in press room
Global warming: excessive heat affects 70 percent of workers – ILO
More than 70 percent of the world's workforce faces potential health risks due to climate change, according to the latest report of the International Labour Organization (ILO), published on Monday. This staggering statistic underscores the pressing need to revamp existing occupational safety and health measures to adequately address the emerging threats posed by climate-related hazards.
“More than 70 per cent of our workers are exposed to excessive heat, at least excessive heat, at one point in their working lives. That's 2.4 billion workers globally,” out of a global workforce of 3,4 billion, said Manal Azzi, Senior Specialist on Occupational Safety and Health (ILO) at the report launch at the United Nations in Geneva.
Entitled “Ensuring safety and health at work in a changing climate,” the report states that climate change is already having a serious impact on the safety and health of workers in all regions of the world.
Workers, particularly those in the world's most impoverished regions, face heightened susceptibility to the perils of climate extremes like scorching heatwaves, prolonged droughts, raging wildfires, and devastating hurricanes, according to the ILO.
The share of global workers impacted by climate change hazards has increased by about 5 percentage points, to 70 percent, from 65 percent in the year 2000, the report said.
According to Ms. Azzi, “more than 22 million workers suffering from sicknesses and injuries related to exposure to excessive heat and these can range from injuries in transport, in traffic accidents due to bad night of sleep because it was excessively hot, to construction accidents, injuries, slips and falls related to the exposure to heat.”
The report notes that numerous health conditions in workers have been linked to climate change, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory illnesses, kidney disfunction and mental health conditions. The impact includes the 1.6 billion workers exposed to UV radiation, with more than 18,960 work-related deaths annually from nonmelanoma skin cancer.
“Nearly 20,000 workers are dying yearly because of these injuries in the workplace related to rising temperatures and to exposure to excessive heat, indoor and outdoor heat, and losing millions - over 2 million disability-adjusted years - are lost because of injuries and deaths related to heat,” said ILO’s specialist on occupational safety and health.
With increasing temperatures and higher humidity, more pesticides are used in the agriculture sector. According to the report, there are more than 870 million workers in agriculture that are likely to be exposed to pesticides, with more than 300,000 deaths attributed to pesticide poisoning annually.
“15,000 people die due to parasitic and vector borne diseases exposed to in the workplace,” noted Ms. Azzi. “Obviously, these include a lot of diseases like dengue, rabies and various diseases that are increasing in regions that we never used to see them before. Malaria has even increased and we're seeing it's shown in countries that it never used to be before.”
The ILO expert highlighted that “the key issues we face are not where it's known to be very hot for the longest period where people are very acclimatized. But it's the new regions where heat was never such an issue and has become an issue that we're facing some of the acute injuries that that we're seeing today,” explained Ms. Azzi. “So we do have a list of detailed policy examples, collective bargaining examples, but also awareness raising and training programs that deal with all of the hazards I mentioned from vector borne disease control to air pollution to pesticides.”
Ms. Azzi stressed that all these factors are interlinked and that the right tools need to be in place to measure the impact and to be able to work on recommendations.
A major meeting is planned for 2025 by the ILO with the participation of government, employer and worker representatives to provide policy guidance on climate hazards.
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Teleprompter
Good morning, colleagues, and thank you very much for being with us today.
My name is Zayna Awad and I am the Chief of News and Multimedia at the International Labour Organisation.
I'm very pleased to welcome you today to the launch of our Ensuring Safety and Health at work in a Changing Climate report.
I'm also pleased to have with me today our Occupational Safety and Health Lead at the ILO, Miss Manal Azzi, who will be presenting the main findings of our report as well as our OSH Data Specialist, Belindina Friday.
Welcome both.
And without further ado, the floor is yours, Manal.
Thank you so much, Zena.
Thank you, everyone who has joined us.
We're very happy to launch this report today, which you may have received copies of.
It contains very important information about the impact of climate change and what's happening to the workers around the world, across different regions and across sectors globally.
This is a huge issue and it is come at a timely moment in in the discussion around climate change because workers are often forgotten when we're talking about climate change and the health impacts that are very severe, from deaths to millions of sick people because of hazards exacerbated by climate change, but also millions living with chronic diseases.
We're talking about cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, cancer and mental health illnesses like depression, irritability and other issues related to the the exposures that they are facing.
We've decided in the report to focus on a number of hazards according to their severity and to their prevalence globally and across regions.
We've looked at heat stress and heat, excessive heat at work.
Also UV radiation and solar UV radiation, air pollution that is increasing globally for indoor and outdoor workers for the quality of the air indoor and also the air pollution they're exposed to externally.
We've also looked at parasitic and vector borne diseases that are also increasing and changing the patterns where where we find them and the seasonality and distribution geographically.
And in turn that is leading to more exposure to pesticides in the agricultural world.
So we're getting more use of very highly hazardous pesticides and workers are the first people exposed to that as well.
So we've selected some of these issues, not to mention the extreme weather events that we're facing globally, from flooding to hurricanes and, and to droughts, wildfires that are directly impacting workers in the immediate moment, but also chronically over time.
And so we decided to explore what is the, the, the size and scope of this impact.
And we know now that more than 70% of our workers are exposed to excessive heat, at least excessive heat at one point in their working lives.
That's 2.4 billion workers globally.
And this is not to mention the overlap of the exposures between the other hazards I mentioned.
And there's a a very clear increase.
If we're looking in the past two decades, we see a 35% increase.
But even if we were to adjust that for the increase in the labour force, we also see an 8.8% of increase in exposure to excessive heat due to rising temperatures globally.
This is having detrimental effects on the health of workers, not to mention on the health system as a whole.
So in addition to that, people are sick, workers are sick.
We're looking at more than 22 million workers suffering from sicknesses and injuries related to exposure to excessive heat.
And these can range from injuries in transport, in traffic accidents due to a bad night of sleep because it was excessively hot to construction accidents, injuries, slips and falls related to the exposure to to heat.
We're also seeing a recent study have shown that over 26 million people are living with chronic kidney disease due to exposure in excessive heat for long periods of time during their working lives.
That is huge to the public health system, but also to workers deaths.
What we know, and these are obviously just estimates and this could be very much underestimated, nearly 20,000 workers are dying yearly because of these injuries in the workplace related to rising temperatures and to exposure to excessive heat.
Indoor and outdoor heat and losing millions to over 2 million disability adjusted years are lost because of injuries and deaths related to heat.
If we're just to look at UV radiation and of course that's a very different thing than than heat and not everybody exposed to UV radiation is exposed to excessive heat.
But we're looking at different kinds of injuries and and burns and, and one of the biggest one and the biggest killer obviously is non Melanoma cancer that workers are dying from.
We're looking at more than 19,000 workers dying due to non Melanoma cancer due to exposure to solar UV radiation.
Then if we move to air pollution, we know that more than 1.6 billion workers globally work outside and they are exposed to air pollution.
A recent study we published also in 2021 estimated that 860,000 work related deaths can be attributable to air pollution.
Here I say occupational deaths.
These are just the ones that are work related that we're exposed to on a daily basis by, by the mere fact that they work outside and, and in more in relation to climate change as well.
And something we're, we're seeing, we're getting reports of globally and, and the new data again that our report that you've received has shown is that 15,000 people die due to parasitic and vector borne diseases exposed to in the workplace.
Obviously these include a lot of diseases like dengue, rabies and, and, and various diseases that are increasing in regions that we never used to see them before.
And malaria has even increased in, and we're seeing, it's shown in countries that it never used to be before due to this rise in temperatures, humidity, variations in patterns of rainfall.
And, and that impacts the seasonality of where we're finding these parasites and the prevalence of, of these diseases that we're, we're dealing with.
And then for the more than 860 million workers working outside in agriculture, they're having to use more pesticides.
We know that to grow our crops and to be able to be productive and efficient, we need to be able to control the pests.
And if they are increasing due to rising temperatures and changing climates, we need to be increasing pesticides to make to make them more efficient and, and some of them are becoming very highly pesticides.
We know that more than 300,000 people die from pesticide poisoning yearly in in some of these big farms.
So this is affecting a large population as well.
And, and the impact you know, it just overlaps 1 impact, one hazardous exposure after the other.
Coming to extreme weather events, a lot of us have seen the wildfires that have increased, not to mention heat waves.
It's important though, to note that one of 10 injuries that we see is related to heat waves, but the other 9 out of 10 is regular exposure to excessive heat.
But droughts, hurricanes, flooding, all of the patterns of these climate crises around us are increasing.
And that is why emergency response and preparedness in Occupational Safety and health has become an issue to to deal with some of these rising weather events and changing patterns very quickly.
Then the responses, what are we looking at?
We're not starting from scratch.
Legislation that protects workers and protects their safety and health has already existing legislation.
Looking globally at different regions, we see that from the 60s there have been protections and measures to control **** temperatures at work, indoor and outdoor quality of work, but also vector borne diseases in some of the tropical countries.
But now this is spreading to countries that are not used to dealing with some of the hazards workers are exposed to and it's affecting workers.
And so we looked globally, we saw new legislation coming out in a lot of the countries that either calls on limiting exposure to excessive heat, working hours need to be limited, acclimatising workers, providing proper hydration, providing proper personal protective equipment for cooling purposes.
But that need to be obviously adapted to the worker and occupational exposure limits.
We do have some already that limit exposure to **** temperatures and also limit exposure to air pollution, but we rarely have occupational exposure limits set for the other hazards we we talked about.
Moreover, the list of occupational diseases, what is recognised as a disease that is work related.
So a lot of new legislation and policies are looking into what they need to include from biological agents and biological hazards, but also pesticide related disorders that can be recognised and compensated for in the list of diseases.
Collective bargaining has been crucial in ensuring in some sectoral and regions, some sectoral work, the rights of workers in facing some of these hazards and preventing these hazards and protecting workers from them.
Technical guidance on emergency preparedness on controlling vector borne diseases have also been produced globally and we have some great examples I think in in the report that that you also have seen training programmes.
Of course we have a lot on protection from the sun and and from burns and and different injuries.
But we have to be now moving and scaling this up globally because the exposure and the impact has taken a whole new scale.
And public health initiatives have started to look at the workplace as a main place of action, a main place for prevention.
So some of these public health schemes have now included action at the workplace as one of their strategic priorities because this is where the workers are most exposed over the longest period of time and for the longest hours of the day and with with great impact on their health that we that we mentioned earlier.
So this is just some of the global responses and some of the issues.
Obviously, the ILO has international labour standards that stand relevant today, including becoming becoming a fundamental principal right at work.
So we, all our workers need to be provided so that we can ensure safe and healthy working environments.
And it's a responsibility for the OSH community, for our governments, ministries of labour, our workers and our employers representing some of these enterprises and workplaces that we're talking about today.
Thank you.
Thank you very much, Manel, for this excellent presentation.
Very interesting on the impact of climate change and occupational health and safety or OSH of workers.
We have a number of journalists online, but before we turn to them, let's begin with those who was who are here.
If you could kindly introduce yourselves and the outlets that you're with to give you the floor.
Thank you.
Nina Larsen with AFP.
I was wondering if you could explain how a little bit more about how you got these numbers.
How do you distinguish between how people are impacted by climate change in the workplace and when they're actually living in the same community where they work?
If you could sort of say a bit more about those statistics.
Thank you.
Sure.
So just to quickly explain, so the way we measured and I'll hand over to our data specialist next to me as well.
We're looking at climb models and population data and the labour force survey of the ILO and some meta analysis on exposures and impact on health of workers globally.
And looking at the variations in **** temperature in particular areas and how it's affected people over a long period of time and linking that to the global burden of disease, For some of the impacts that we have, we were able to come out with the exposure limit.
So for excessive heat, we now know how many people are exposed to heat during their life course.
We're also publishing a separate methodology and background information on heat stress coming out in July this year.
And that's just for heat and and for the rest of the data.
Obviously the ILO has global estimates and we produce that every few years that looks certain databases for certain years on what has been registered and recorded on the most highest, for example, a days of highest temperature, but also a compensation.
And for diseases that have been claimed and and various other input and meta analysis from the literature around the world that have led us to believe that the linkages related to heat and to air pollution and to other vector borne diseases are there.
But for more detail, maybe I can pass over to but it's my colleague.
OK, thank you.
So as man I explained, we link up the number of deaths or injuries attributable to heat and the way looking at climate change is actually looking at the trend in time.
So of course you don't know what the temperature which hot today is coming due to the the climate change in which hot day is due to because it's a hot day.
But as we see in the change in the last 20 years that by 9% the attributable fraction increased.
So that 9% increase, that which is due to the the changing climate.
So I'm still having trouble understanding how you distinguish, I mean, if people are working in their communities where they're exposed to heat, for instance, where how you distinguish between people who are exposed to heat just in their communities and and on the job to make that distinction, for instance.
OK.
So the burden envelope we're looking at those are the reported fatal or non fatal occupational injuries.
So we specifically looking that people who got the injury or at work.
So that is the total we are calculating.
There is a separate estimate looking at the global population and how many people dies because of hot feather that's a different 1.
So these are only specific to those injuries which happened at work.
So that's the the major cut between the two.
Floor is.
The.
And I think that that follows on from from your question a little bit, just to specify.
So when we're talking about this being 70% of the workforce for us, the workforce includes those persons of working age who are actively engaged in the labour market.
It's independent of employment.
Unemployed people are included and includes both the formal and the informal economy.
So we are looking at a wide range of workers.
So you know, you have family farming, you have every people who are working in undeclared sort of work are covered because there are different angles of public systems and statistician like statistics databases that we can access that we're looking at.
So they're not just the formal recognised workers globally.
Thank you very much.
We do we have any more questions from the room?
OK, we can turn now to our colleagues online and a reminder to introduce yourselves and your outlet.
I hand over to Lisa Schlein.
Thank you.
Good morning.
Lisa Schlein, Voice of America.
I have a couple of questions here.
I'd like you to be specific in terms of the kinds of measures that should be adopted in order to protect people from from heat, from pesticides.
Well, you know all the other horrors that you've been talking about, if you'd be specific about that.
I'm thinking one thing that's sort of troubling.
Just recently, the governor of Florida vetoed a proposal to provide workers who are working outside with with water, with rest periods, with shade.
I don't know whether you consider this appropriate, whether people are likely to be more exposed to danger and possibly get very ill and die from this sort of thing.
But if you would talk about the various measures that you propose, also what areas where are people most at risk?
And thinking of perhaps Africa, which tends to be very, very hot.
So if you could deal with that.
Thank you.
Thank you so much for that question and thank you for for bringing the Florida station.
Obviously it has come to our attention from our our international trade union confederation.
And without commenting on on the details of that, I think we have a long way to go in raising global awareness of what can be done both at the legislative framework level, but also at workplace level to implement some of these guidance.
There are very clear measures, obviously that are stated and there are clear examples of countries taking concrete action.
So I, I'd rather not name the countries.
A lot of countries from different regions are in the report and, and some of them are actually being very specific on exposure limits and **** temperature exposure.
So that if you're doing a low, medium or **** intensity work, what are the various measures they could be from?
For **** intensity work, you're not allowed to be exposed to more than 24° temperature.
That's a whole other discussion about how we measure temperature, the wet bulb and dry bulb, measuring of temperatures, but also the level of humidity in a certain workplace.
But obviously the key and basic measures, it's not rocket science for the workplace and especially for heat are hydration and the limiting the exposure temperature and limiting the time and very long rest breaks.
We have countries that have that have **** degree, **** temperature that have stopped work between the hours of 10 AM and 3:00 PM on certain work days.
We have measures, for example, to limit pesticides and we know that pesticides have an accumulative effect when they're being sprayed during the hot moment of a day where they limit spraying pesticides, for example, in only in the cool evening or early morning hours.
So we have this level of limiting occupational exposure and really putting limits and numbers.
There is no global figure and the ILO cannot stand behind one global element because it has to take into account the kind of work, the sector that this is happening in.
Also for air pollution, there's also lots of protections in terms of emissions, but also limiting the exposure hours.
But providing the adequate protective equipment for workers has also worked well in in a lot of these and allowing workers to pace their work.
Where we listen to what makes the worker affected more or not.
And different workers are acclimatised differently.
And, and some of the key issues we face are not where it's known to be very hot for the longest of.
Where people are very acclimatised, but it's the new regions where heat was never such an issue and has become an issue that we're facing some of the acute injuries that we're seeing today.
So we do have a list of detailed policy examples, collective bargaining examples, but also awareness raising and training programmes that deal with all of the hazards I mentioned from vector borne Disease Control to air pollution to pesticides.
The key message we want to bring out today is that they're all interlinked.
So we can't be dealing with one of these hazards, forget about the other.
And we need to be having the right tools to explore and measure what are the the best solutions for for different places.
Now some of the regions that are most affected, obviously we do know, you know, from the Northern hemisphere to Southern hemisphere, the various areas and types of work, especially those that are outdoor, from agriculture construction that are most affected by excessive heat and also by UV radiation and air pollution.
And, and so it varies between these regions between countries and Latin America, in Africa, in, in Asia and in Europe.
But you know, as, as we hear today also in the news, I mean in Europe, which some people may not have thought this is a problem, it's a rising concern.
It's a rising concern of emergency levels.
And and so we're seeing this is also covered very well today as well.
Thanks.
Sorry, I don't know if my colleague Balint wanted to add anything particular.
Maybe I just want to highlight the the changes.
So the as when I mentioned the largest burden is obviously places where the temperature is the hottest, so close to the Equatorial.
What came out of the report is linked to climate change, that the regions where we see the fastest change are the places where we don't expect.
So that's central and northern Europe for the hot weathers, and mostly South America for the heat wave events.
Thank you both.
Lisa, your hand is still up.
Do you have a follow up?
Yeah, I do actually.
Malant, is that your name?
I'm sorry if I'm if I'm fracturing your names, but you were talking about your, your concerns were mainly about the new regions that were being affected by climate change.
Could you be specific about which regions they are and are they and, and is it a matter of heat primarily, which is your greatest concern or other hazards?
Thank you.
Well, we have estimates for heat, heat waves and UVR and they are all different.
So the largest change when it comes to heat that's in Northern Europe and Central Europe.
When it comes to heat waves, that's the South Americas.
And for UVR, that's mostly Australia and Africa.
Thank you.
I'd like to go to Catherine Fianca Bukonga next over to you.
Thank you.
Thank you so much.
Catherine Fianca Bukonga for France van Catra.
Thank you for this briefing.
I'd like to come back on what has been mentioned about the regions that are usually not affected, used to be affected by a climate change and by a very **** temperatures.
You said that some measures have been taken.
I would like to know also about maybe good practises that have been taken by other regions that are used to **** temperatures, like Africa, Latin America, the Gulf region and also the issue of electricity and use of air con.
As you all know, in European regions, like for instance here in Switzerland, we were not used to have such **** temperatures.
In Geneva they started to change working hours during summertime for people working outside.
What about air con buildings also for people that are working indoors, indoor, but it's start to be difficult.
And how do you expect the countries to take measures?
Do you have, do you plan to have maybe a global conference on that topic?
Thank you to the three of you.
Thank you so much.
And, and it's good you mentioned that.
It's important to say that given the importance of this issue, the Ilos tripartite constituents have come together during our last International Labour Conference and decided that in 2025 we will be holding a tripartite expert meeting between our workers representatives, employees, representatives and governments, mainly ministries of labour, to agree and discuss on on the impact of climate change on Occupational Safety and health and changing weather patterns and their impact on Occupational Safety and health.
This will be an important platform.
Of course, you know, it doesn't respond to the urgency that we feel we need to be doing this, but obviously things need to take their time.
And if we are able at the end of this tripartite **** level discussion to come out with important policy recommendations on to guide countries globally on some of these measures, be they legal or technical from policy and action measures, this would be really important.
So that's in 2025, the exact date we don't know yet, but the ILO and its constituents have set it on their agenda.
So that will give us some global position on the issue that we can help and guide further.
For some of the the concrete examples there, there are plenty and and we have a very developed annex in the report where where we show some of these examples.
But it's important you mentioned the interlinkage is obviously with poverty, with access to electricity, with access to even clean water and and also the rights of workers to all of this.
Some of the controls that we're seeing especially provided for in technical guidelines that are adopted or validated at the national level are engineering controls and so general ventilation, air commitment, cooling, heat conduction, blocking, administrative controls.
So in the area of occupation safety and health, we try to follow a hierarchy of controls and this applies to mitigating the effects of climate change as well.
We're talking about elimination, where we could relocate work to areas with good air quality or postpone outdoor work where that is feasible.
Substitution, minimise risk by substituting a certain hazard with safer alternative.
And this, for example, when you can work inside and it's feasible to do the same job inside, do it inside rather than outside.
Or when, when you can replace a highly hazardous pesticide with the less hazardous one.
Sometimes these these do apply engineering controls by isolating workers from air pollution or using air purifiers or airlocks.
These are existing in a lot of for example, Australian and and US technical guidelines from OSHA and from EU OSHA in Europe and others.
Administrative controls also giving the frequency of rest time for worker reduce the physical intensity of work to reduce how air pollution is inhaled.
But also making sure that our personal protective equipment is suitable, probably fitting properly fitting and well maintained for workers who are instructed to use them properly.
But there are so many examples those are at the workplace level, but also strengthening our health surveillance systems to even understand and account and, and, and link these hazards and exposures and health impacts to the, the, the various exposures that we, we just spoke about is, is very important.
And we also have lots of examples of strategies I won't mention.
You know, some European countries, but also broader countries have six and seven-year strategies focusing on worker well-being that include clear instructions and indications on how to prevent climate related exposures and impact for workers globally.
Thank you for that.
Our next question is from Emma Farge.
I hope I pronounced your name correctly over to you.
Thanks a lot.
I wanted to ask about green energy, renewable energy, and can you talk me through some examples of how that is exposing workers to new dangers?
And secondly, just a clarification, please.
You spoke about the evolution of the number of workers exposed to excessive heat over time.
I didn't recognise the figures that you mentioned.
I remembered about A5 percentage point increase.
But can you just talk me through how many more people are exposed versus 20 years ago?
And I think the last data was available.
Thank you.
Thanks, Emma, Can you also identify the media you're with Reuters news agency?
Thank you.
Sure.
Maybe I start with your second question.
The the numbers I refer to is that when looking at the differences between year 2000 and 2020, there was a 34.7 increase in the number of workers.
So that's the nearly 35% increase in the number of workers exposed to excessive heat.
This can be attributed to both an increase in the size of the labour force but also the rise in temperature.
So that's why it's a **** increase.
But even when we adjust our account for the increase in the labour force, we still find an increase from 65.2% of all workers exposed in 2000 to 70.9% of workers exposed in 2020, which is the 8.8% increase that is only linked to the rise in temperatures.
And, and does, you know, just for the increase in, in the labour force as a whole?
So that's that number.
Obviously for green technology, there are a number of examples.
The the main message there is that we need to just be aware.
Just because something is greening and providing opportunities for better protections and removal from highly dangerous jobs, it does not mean that all the processes that we are doing, even from recycling plastics does not expose workers to more for example, chemical exposure and other hazards of the sort.
But maybe balint you'd have some additions on on the greening please.
Yeah, I can give maybe a few examples.
One is the the breakdown of solar panels for example, that's a big part of greening the electricity net.
But those panels made of heavy metals or contain heavy metals.
So of course the worker who is breaking less of it need to be over the associated risks of of the contamination it or if recycling materials they usually come with solvents and those especially when the weather is hot, they evaporate and then can cause a number of risks for the workers.
So these are the inter linkages between say the greening environment and also the warming value patterns.
Thank you.
We have time for a couple of more questions, if there are any from the colleagues on the call.
OK.
I think that pretty much wraps our round of questioning.
Thank you all for being here today.
And a reminder that the embargo lifts in a bit, in a little bit less than 1/2 an hour.
Thank you.
Have a good day.
Thank you to our panel as well.